Head and face injuries in elderly patients victims of fall. A single trauma center analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the profile of elderly victims of falls and the occurrence of injuries and fractures in the head and face regions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Overall, 426 medical records of individuals aged 60 years or older of both genders hospitalized due to fall were analyzed. Data on gender, age group, period of occurrence, type of fall, presence of head and face injury and fracture of facial bones were collected. Data were organized with SPPS, version 20, and presented through descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test). Poisson regression analysis was used (α<0.05). RESULTS: The majority of victims were women (62.4%), aged 80 years or older (45.5%). Occurrences were more frequent in the daytime period (65.6%) and falls were mostly from the self-height (93.7%). Head and face lesions were found in 14.1% and 5.9% of victims, respectively. However, the presence of facial fracture was low (1.9%). Association between gender and occurrence of head (p=0.001) and face injury (p=0.017) was observed. The presence of "head injury" was associated with variables "type of fall" (p<0.001) and "existence of bone fracture" (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Women aged 80 or over are the main victims of falls. Occurrences are common in the daytime period and due to falls from self height. Although soft tissue injuries in head and face were common, facial fractures showed low frequency.

Antidepressant, Anxiolytic and Neuroprotective Activities of Two Zinc Compounds in Diabetic Rats.

Behavioral disorders affect most diabetic patients and Zinc (Zn) has been used among adjuvant therapies for involvement in the etiology of depression and anxiety, however, the results are still controversial. The objective of this study was to compare the antidepressant, anxiolytic and neuroprotective activity of the supplementation of two Zn compounds in an animal model of Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (DM1). Thirty-eight (38) adult rats were randomized into four groups: Control (C; n = 8); Diabetic (D; n = 10); Diabetic Zn Sulfate Supplement (DSZ; n = 10) and Diabetic Zn Gluconate Supplement (DGZ; n = 10). The DSZ group received Zn sulfate supplementation and the DGZ group received Zn gluconate supplementation at a dose of 15 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Data (mean ±SEM) were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results indicate that Zn gluconate supplementation in diabetic animals presented an antidepressant effect demonstrated through the results obtained in the Forced Swim Test, and neuroprotective effect by attenuating alterations in the cerebral cortex; while Zn sulfate supplementation in diabetic animals showed an anxiolytic effect demonstrated by the results obtained in the open field test and the elevated plus maze test. Considering the set of results, supplementation with both zinc compounds showed neurobehavioral benefits in diabetic animals with different effects depending on the type of anion associated with Zn.

Unnatural deaths in brazilian children and adolescents / Mortes não naturais em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros

Accidents and violence are considered an important public health problem for being the main cause of mortality among children and adolescents. Assuming the hypothesis that the deaths predominantly affect men, victims of traffic accidents, the aim of this study was to assess unnatural deaths in Brazilian children and adolescents in a city in northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out with analysis of 584 forensic medical reports from the Legal Medicine Institute of Campina Grande, Brazil, between January 2008 and December 2011. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test (a = 0.05). Victims were mostly males (82.4 %) and adolescents aged from 15 to 19 years (70.0 %). The main causes of unnatural deaths were aggressions (39.2 %), followed by traffic accidents (32.7 %). Significant associations between etiology and age group were observed (p< 0.001). With regard to traffic accidents, there were more records of accidents involving motorcyclists (46.7 %), followed by vehicle occupants (29.8 %) and pedestrians (15.7%). Our hypothesis was confirmed, and the aggressions and traffic accidents were the most common causes of unnatural deaths, primarily affecting males aged from 15 to 19 years. Most deaths from traffic accidents involved motorcycle accidents

Acidentes e violência são considerados um importante problema de saúde pública por ser a principal causa de mortalidade entre crianças e adolescentes. Assumindo-se a hipótese de que as mortes acometem predominantemente homens, vítimas de acidentes de trânsito, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as mortes não-naturais em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros em um município da região nordeste do Brasil. Um estudo transversal foi realizado através da análise de 584 laudos medico-legais do Instituto de Medicina Legal de Campina Grande, Paraíba, ocorridos entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2011. Os resultados são apresentados por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial com o uso do teste do Qui-quadrado (a = 0,05). As vítimas foram predominantemente do sexo masculino (82,4%) com idade entre 15 e 19 anos (70%). As principais etiologias foram as agressões (39,2 %), seguidas pelos acidentes de trânsito (32,7%). Observou-se associação estatisticamente significante entre a etiologia e a faixa etária (p < 0,001), indicando elevado percentual de mortes devido às agressões (34,9%) e acidentes de trânsito (22,9%) dentro da faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos, etiologia e gênero da vítima (p < 0,001) e tipo de acidente de trânsito e idade da vítima (p < 0,001). Com relação aos acidentes de trânsito, foram mais frequentes aqueles envolvendo motociclistas (46,7%), seguidos pelos ocupantes de veículos (29,8%) e pedestres (15,7%). Agressões e acidentes de trânsito foram as causas mais comuns das mortes não-naturais, afetando predominantemente homens com idades entre 15 e 19 anos. A maioria das mortes foi devido aos acidentes envolvendo motociclistas

Facial dog bite injuries in children: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Dog bites are common and can affect victims of different ages, from children to the elderly. Injuries are usually located in different body regions, including head and face. The treatment of choice for injuries is the suture of the lesion, accompanied by antibiotic therapy and tetanus and anti-rabies vaccination. PRESENTATION OF CASE: An 11-year-old male black patient was admitted to the Surgery and Maxillo-Facial Traumatology Service, on an urgent basis, victim of domestic animal aggression (dog biting). The child had multiple and extensive lesions on the face, trauma with laceration with loss of substance, involving the left genic region, lower and upper lip, and lower gingival-labial sulcus. DISCUSSION: Smaller children are especially vulnerable to injuries in the craniofacial region due their low stature, propensity to crawl/play on the ground and exploratory behavior. The primary treatment of bites is by means of direct suture, grafting or local flaps, depending on the type of wound and the surgeon's decision, regardless of time elapsed from the attack. CONCLUSION: This case shows a case of a child patient victim of animal bite, with lesions limited to the region of the face. The patient was followed up for a month and showed good wound healing without any complications.

Head and Face Injuries in Automobile Accidents and Associated Factors in a city in Northeastern Brazil

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of head and face injuries and associated factors among victims of automobile accidents in a trauma center. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was developed through the analysis of 9,734 medical records of children and adults hospitalized due to external causes in the Regional Hospital of Emergency and Trauma at Campina Grande, Brazil. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 15, also using the Pearson's chi-square test. The significance level adopted was 5 %. Results: Cases of automobile accidents accounted for 25.9% (n = 463) of hospitalizations due to external causes, and 83.8 % of victims were male and 16.2 % were female, representing a sex ratio of 5.1:1. As for age group, most had between 20 and 29 years (38.1%) and with respect to the day of the week, 40.8 % of incidents occurred over the weekend. The occurrence of injury was greater on the face (17.4%) than on the head (7.8%) and most victims had a single injury (58.5%). The existence of bone fractures was observed in 76.9 % of victims and 14.7 % had functional impairment. There was association between variables age (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.001), day of the week (p < 0.001), presence of bone fractures (p < 0.001) and functional impairment (p = 0.002) with the occurrence of automobile accidents. Conclusion: The most automobile accidents occur on weekends and affect young male individuals, with frequent presence of fractures among victims. The occurrence of injury was greater on the face than on the head. Factors such as age, sex, presence of bone fractures and functional impairment was associated with automobile accidents.

Avaliação in vitro de diferentes propriedades físico-químicas de medicamentos de uso infantil / In vitro evaluation of different physicochemical properties of pediatric medicines

Objetivo: Avaliar in vitro o pH endógeno, a Acidez Total Titulável (ATT) e o oBrix de medicamentos infantis. Metodologia: A amostra foi constituída por 22 diferentes medicamentos de 5 distintas classes: antibióticos, anti-histamínicos, antiparasitários, antiinflamatórios não esteróides e corticóides. As medidas do pH foram determinadas utilizando-se o potenciômetro, a acidez total foi realizada utilizando o método da A.O.A.C e o oBrix foi determinado por refratometria. Os dados foram expressos em médias e analisou-se a diferença entre os grupos, através da ANOVA. A significância utilizada foi de 0,05 com 95% de grau de confiança.Resultados: Verificou-se que 59,1% dos medicamentos apresentaram um pH menor que 5,5, sendo portanto potencialmente erosivo aos tecidos dentais. A menor e maior média do pH foram encontradas para o Benflogin (1,75) e para o Predsim (7,35), respectivamente. Em relação à ATT, a menor média foi verificada para o Cataflan (0,01%), enquanto o maior valor foi registrado para o Infectrin (0,98%). A avaliação do oBrix revelou que o Alersin apresentou a menor média (6,25%), enquanto o Cataflan mostrou o maior valor (74,33%). Não se verificou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as variáveis pH e a classe de medicamento (P=0,950) e entre o °Brix e a classe de medicamento (P=0,477). Todavia, verificou-se diferenças estatisticamente significante em relação à acidez total e a classe de medicamento (P = 0,000), de modo que as diferenças maiores ficaram entre as médias dos antibióticos com: os antiinflamatórios (P=0,002), os antiparasitários (P=0,003) e os corticóides (P=0,005)...

Objective: To evaluate in vitro the endogenous pH, the total titratable acidity (TTA) and o Brix of pediatric medicines. Method: The sample consisted of 22 pediatric medicines belonging to five classes: antibiotics, antihistamines, anthelmintics, non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs and corticoids. The pH was measured with a potentiometer, total acidity was obtained by the AOAC method and oBrix was determined by refractometry. The data were expressed as means and the differences among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA. The significance level was set at 0.05 with a 95% confidence level. Results: As much as 59.1% of the medicines presented pH lower than 5.5, being therefore potentially erosive to the dental tissues. Benflogin (1.75) and Predsim (7.35) presented the lowest and the highest pH means, respectively. As for TTA, the lowest mean was obtained for Cataflan (0.01%) and the highest for Infectrin (0.98%). Evaluation of oBrix revealed that Alersin presented the lowest mean (6.25%) and Cataflan (74.33%) presented the highest mean. There was no statistically significant difference among the medicine classes regarding the pH (p=0.950) or regarding the o Brix (p=0.477). On the other hand, there were statistically significant differences among the medicine classes for TTA (p=0.000); the greatest differences were found between the antibiotics and the anti-inflammatory drugs (p=0.002), the anthelmintics (p=0.003) and the corticoids (p=0.005). Conclusion: The pediatric medicines may be considered as potentially erosive to the dental tissues. In view of the statistically significant differences among the medicine classes regarding the TTA, it is recommended that the control and follow up be directed to the erosive potential of each class. The antibiotics are the class of medicine with the highest pH and acidity, and so its intake should be followed by an adequate oral hygiene...

Perfil Nutricional, Consumo Alimentar e Indicadores Bioquímicos dos Funcionários de uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição / Nutritional Profile, Dietary Intake and Biochemical Indicators of Nutrition Unit Staff

Avaliar o perfil nutricional, consumo alimentar eindicadores bioquímicos dos funcionários da Unidade deAlimentação e Nutrição do Hospital Universitário LauroWanderley, João Pessoa – PB. Material e Métodos: Forammensurados peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura edeterminado o Índice de Massa Corporal, de 33 funcionáriosde ambos os sexos, entre 21 e 59 anos. Para avaliação doconsumo alimentar habitual e balanço energético utilizou-seo Recordatório 24 horas. Foram determinados o perfil lipídico,glicose e ácido úrico. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se osoftware SPSS versão 8.0. Resultados: A média de idadefoi 38,36 ± 9,91 anos, predominando o gênero feminino (55%).O IMC médio foi 26,6 ± 3,77kg/m2 e a CC média 82,62 ± 9,98cm.O consumo habitual foi 2177,71 ± 824,16kcal/dia, sendo59,76% carboidratos, 22,24% lipídeos e 17,84% proteínas.Os resultados médios dos exames bioquímicos foram: glicose87,42 ± 15,15mg/dL, ácido úrico 3,08 ± 0,65 e 3,95 ± 0,85mg/dL para mulheres e homens, respectivamente, triglicerídeos142,41 ± 89,6 mg/dL, colesterol total 194,14 ± 46,41 mg/dL,HDL-c 47,58 ± 10,01 mg/dL e LDL-c 116,27 ± 32,01 mg/dL.Observou-se forte associação entre IMC e CC (r = 0,841; p =0,000) e inversa entre IMC e consumo de carboidratos.Conclusão: A maioria dos funcionários apresentaram-se comsobrepeso ou obesidade, com balanço energético positivo eexames bioquímicos dentro dos limites esperados...

To evaluate the nutritional profile, dietary intakeand biochemical indicators of a Nutrition Unit staff in LauroWanderley University Hospital, Joao Pessoa – PB.Methodology: It was measured weight, height and waistcircumference as well as Body Mass Index of 33 employeesof both genders, aged 21-59 years old. In view of evaluatinghabitual dietary intake and energy balance, it was used a 24-hour dietary recall. Lipid, glucose and uric acid profile weredetermined. Data analysis employed SPSS software version8.0. Results: The average age was 38.36 + 9.91 years old,predominantly female gender (55%). BMI average was 26.6+ 3.77 kg/m2 and the WC average was 82.62 + 9.98 cm. Theusual intake was 2,177.71 + 824.16 kcal per day, from which59.76% were carbohydrates; 22.24% were lipids and17.84% protein. Results of the biochemical tests were:glucose 87.42% + 15.15ml/dL; uric acid 3.08 + 0.65 and 3.95+ 0,85mg/dL for women and men, respectively; triglycerides142.41 + 89.6 mg/dL; total cholesterol 194.14 + 46.41 mg/dL;HDL-c 47.58 + 10.01 mg/dL, and LDL-c 116.27 + 32.01 mg/dL.It was detected a strong association between BMI and WC (r= 0.841; p = 0,000), but an inverse association between BMIand carbohydrate intake was verified as well. Conclusion:Most of staff has showed to be overweight or obese, with apositive energy balance and biochemical tests withinexpected range...

Estado Nutricional Pré-Gestacional e Gestacional: uma Análise de Gestantes Internas em um Hospital Público / Pre-Gestational and Gestational Nutritional Status: an analysis of Pregnant Women Admitted to a Public Hospital

Avaliar o estado nutricional pregresso e atualrelacionando a gestação e suas intercorrências queinfluenciam na saúde da mãe. Material e Métodos: Estudotransversal, sendo a amostra composta por 36 gestantesselecionadas por conveniência. O instrumento de coletacompreendeu um questionário, com questões abertas efechadas, dicotômicas e de múltipla escolha. Foram coletadasinformações referentes à idade, estado nutricional, peso prégestacionale gestacional, patologias existentes e resultadoobstétrico. Os dados foram analisados pelo software SPSSe apresentados por meio da estatística descritiva.Resultados: A idade das gestantes variou de 14 a 39 anos everificou-se que 11,1% apresentavam desnutrição no períodopré-gestacional, passando para 27,7% com a gravidez.Quanto ao sobrepeso, houve um aumento de 22,2% noperíodo pré-gestacional para 33,3% durante a gestação. Opeso pré-gestacional apresentou uma média de 58,8 kg (±6,77kg), enquanto que a média do peso gestacional foi de 68,0 kg(±12,2 kg). A média de ganho ponderal para as pacientesque realizaram parto normal foi de 9,2 kg, enquanto queaquelas que realizaram parto cesáreo o ganho ponderal foide 12,2 kg. Conclusão: Verificou-se um aumento dadesnutrição e do sobrepeso durante a gravidez, destacandoa importância de uma alimentação saudável e do ganho depeso adequado durante a gestação para preservar a saúdedo binômio mãe-filho...

To evaluate the pre-gestational and currentnutritional status of pregnant women and its intercurrencesthat influence on the maternal health. Material and Methods:This cross-sectional study had a convenience samplecomposed by 36 pregnant women. The data collectioninstrument was a questionnaire containing open questionsand dichotomous and multiple-choice closed questions.Information referring to age, nutritional status, pre-gestationaland gestational weight, existing pathologies and obstetricoutcome was collected. Data were analyzed using the SPSSsoftware and presented by descriptive statistics. Results:The age of the pregnant women ranged from 14 to 39 yearsand it was observed that 11.1% of the women presentedmalnutrition in the pre-gestational period and this percentageincreased to 27.7% during pregnancy. Overweight increasedfrom 22.2% in the pre-gestational period to 33.3% duringpregnancy. The mean pre-gestational weight was 58.8 kg(±6.77 kg) while the mean gestational weight was 68.0 kg(±12.2 kg). The mean weight gain in the patients who hadvaginal delivery was 9.2 kg, while in those who had cesareansection delivery the mean weight gain was 12.2 kg.Conclusion: It was observed an increase in malnutrition andoverweight during pregnancy, demonstrating the importanceof having a healthy diet and a maintaining an adequate weightgain during pregnancy in order to preserve mother-child health...

[Nutritional intervention program associated with physical activity: discourse of obese elderly women]. / Programa de intervenção nutricional associado à atividade física: discurso de idosas obesas.

Obesity is a complex nutritional problem with social and psychological dimensions, which affects individuals of all ages. In addition to presenting risk factors for some diseases, obesity may interfere with the quality of life of the elderly. This qualitative study of an exploratory nature investigated the discourse of obese elderly women regarding their participation in a nutritional intervention program associated with physical activity. Eighteen obese elderly women attending Centers of Reference and Citizenship in the city of João Pessoa, state of Paraiba, Brazil were enlisted in the study. Interviews using a series of questions that addressed the core issue pertaining to the scope of the study was the technique used for data collection. The data obtained were analyzed by the collective subject discourse (CSD) technique. The following central ideas emerged from CSD: changes in lifestyle, in eating habits, in health and in self-esteem. The core ideas reflected the value attributed to the aforesaid program for promotion of health of the group of elderly women who participated in the study. It is hoped that this research might elicit further investigation in the area of health of the elderly.

Programa de intervenção nutricional associado à atividade física: discurso de idosas obesas / Nutritional intervention program associated with physical activity: discourse of obese elderly women

A obesidade é um problema nutricional complexo, com dimensões sociais e psicológicas, que afeta indivíduos de todas as idades. Além de apresentar fatores de risco para algumas doenças, pode interferir na qualidade de vida do idoso. Este estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa investigou o discurso de idosas obesas quanto à participação em um programa de intervenção nutricional associado à atividade física. Participaram da pesquisa dezoito idosas obesas, inseridas em Centros de Referência e Cidadania do município de João Pessoa (PB). Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a técnica da entrevista a partir de um roteiro que contemplou a questão norteadora pertinente ao objetivo da investigação. Os dados obtidos foram analisados mediante a técnica de discurso do sujeito coletivo (DSC). Do DSC emergiram as seguintes ideias centrais: mudanças no estilo de vida, no hábito alimentar, na saúde e na autoestima. As ideias centrais refletem a valorização do referido programa para a promoção da saúde do grupo de idosas participantes do estudo. Espera-se que esta proposta possa subsidiar novas investigações na área da saúde do idoso.

Obesity is a complex nutritional problem with social and psychological dimensions, which affects individuals of all ages. In addition to presenting risk factors for some diseases, obesity may interfere with the quality of life of the elderly. This qualitative study of an exploratory nature investigated the discourse of obese elderly women regarding their participation in a nutritional intervention program associated with physical activity. Eighteen obese elderly women attending Centers of Reference and Citizenship in the city of João Pessoa, state of Paraiba, Brazil were enlisted in the study. Interviews using a series of questions that addressed the core issue pertaining to the scope of the study was the technique used for data collection. The data obtained were analyzed by the collective subject discourse (CSD) technique. The following central ideas emerged from CSD: changes in lifestyle, in eating habits, in health and in self-esteem. The core ideas reflected the value attributed to the aforesaid program for promotion of health of the group of elderly women who participated in the study. It is hoped that this research might elicit further investigation in the area of health of the elderly.

Estado nutricional de pré-escolares e valor nutricional da merenda escolar oferecida em creches públicas da Paraiba-PB / Nutritional status among pre/school children and nutritional value of school snacks in public nurseries of Paraiba-PB

Este trabalho objetivou analisar a merenda oferecida em creches públicas de 12 cidades do estado da Pabaíba e avaliar o estado nutricional de 1235 crianças (meninos - 51,5 porcento, n= 636 e meninas - 485, porcento, n = 599 nelas matriculadas, entre 2 a 6 anos. As crianças avaliadas foram agrupadas na Faixa 1 (2 a 4 anos incompletos - 38,9 porcento, n=480) e Faixa 2 (4 a 6 - 61,1 porcento, n= 755). Na avaliação nutricional utilizou-se balança digital e fita milimetrada, considerando-se o indicador peso/idade (P/I). Estabeleceu-se um VET (valor enérgico total) médio para as crianças, e, em seguida, as distribuições dos macronutrientes e análise das vitaminas A, B1,B2,B3, e C e dos minerais Ca,Fe, Na, K. Constatou-se que 1,3 porcento (n=16) das crianças se apresentava obesas, 91,8 porcento (n=1134) mostraram-se eufóricas e 6,9 porcento (n=85) portavam desnutrição. Nas faixas 1 e 2 a dieta oferecida foi hipocalórica, hipoglicídica, hipoprotética e hipolipídica e insuficiente em relação ao cálcio nas faixas 1 e 2 e em ferro na faixa 1. Conclui-se que o crescimento e o desenvolvimento dessas crianças podem ser prejudicados pelo consumo de uma dieta inadequada

Avaliação da dieta líquida ingerida pelos pacientes atendidos na clínica de Odontopediatria da UFPB: pH e valor nutricional / Analysis of liquid diet ingested by patient assisted at the clinic of pediatric dentistry of UFPB: pH and nutritional value

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a dieta liquida ingerida pelos pacientes de 4 a 12 anos, atendidos naClínica de Odontopediatria da UFPB, quanto ao pH e valor nutricional. Foram analisadas as bebidas mais consumidas pelas crianças nas quatro refeições (desejum,almoço, jantar e lanche). O pH foi determinado utilizando-se um pHmetro do Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular e Ecologia (LABIME). A análise nutricional dos líquidos em relação aos macronutrientes (glicídios, proteínas e lípideos), às vitaminas A e C e ao mineral Ca foram baseadas na Tabela de Guilherme Franco (FRANCO, 1999). Através dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que os sucos, os refrigerantes, os iogurtes e os lactobacilos fermetáveis podem contribuir para o aumento do potencial erosivo da dieta líquida infantil, sendo expressiva a ingestão de refrigerantes principalmente, no almoço e nos lanches. Portanto, os pais devem ser esclarecidos para elegerem uma dieta adequada para os seus filhos visando a obtenção de uma boa saúde bucal e nutricional destas crianças